Emergency tracheostomy: indications, techniques and complications in 67 cases at the Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55677/IJCSMR/V3I2-01/2023Keywords:
Emergency tracheotomy, Laryngeal dyspnea, Cancers, Papillomatosis, Foreign bodyAbstract
Introduction: Tracheotomy is the temporary or permanent surgical opening of the cervical trachea followed by the placement of a cannula.
Objective : to recall the indications, techniques and complications of emergency tracheotomy.
Materials and method : This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the ENT and CCF department of HIAOBO, involving 67 medical records of hospitalized patients in whom a tracheostomy was performed in emergency from January 2010. to December 2019.
Results : The study involved 51 men (76%) and 16 women (24%), a ratio of 3.18 . The average age was 45.85 years with extremes of 5 and 78 years. Laryngeal dyspnea was the reason for consultation in 86.57% of cases. The indications were malignant tumors of the upper aero-digestive tract in 54% of cases, difficult extubation in intensive care patients in 12% of cases, laryngeal papillomatosis in 12% of cases, inflammatory pathology in 7 cases, traumatic pathology 4 cases, extrinsic tracheal compression, muscle disease and laryngo -tracheal stenosis in 1 case each. Tracheotomy was performed under general anesthesia in 73% of cases and under local anesthesia in 27% of cases. Complications were observed in (16.42%).
Conclusion : Emergency tracheotomy is a survival gesture. Mastery of the technique, the right choice of equipment, perfect knowledge of the anatomical relationships of the trachea, and postoperative care help to minimize complications.
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