International Journal of Clinical Science and Medical Research

Introduction: Tracheotomy is the temporary or permanent surgical opening of the cervical trachea followed by the placement of a cannula.

Objective : to recall the indications, techniques and complications of emergency tracheotomy.

Materials and method : This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the ENT and CCF department of HIAOBO, involving 67 medical records of hospitalized patients in whom a tracheostomy was performed in emergency from January 2010. to December 2019.

Results : The study involved 51 men (76%) and 16 women (24%), a ratio of 3.18 . The average age was 45.85 years with extremes of 5 and 78 years. Laryngeal dyspnea was the reason for consultation in 86.57% of cases. The indications were malignant tumors of the upper aero-digestive tract in 54% of cases, difficult extubation in intensive care patients in 12% of cases, laryngeal papillomatosis in 12% of cases, inflammatory pathology in 7 cases, traumatic pathology 4 cases, extrinsic tracheal compression, muscle disease and laryngo -tracheal stenosis in 1 case each. Tracheotomy was performed under general anesthesia in 73% of cases and under local anesthesia in 27% of cases. Complications were observed in (16.42%).

Conclusion : Emergency tracheotomy is a survival gesture. Mastery of the technique, the right choice of equipment, perfect knowledge of the anatomical relationships of the trachea, and postoperative care help to minimize complications.

Emergency tracheotomy, Laryngeal dyspnea, Cancers, Papillomatosis, Foreign body

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