Transforming Rectal Cancer Detection: The Role of Emerging Technologies
Abstract:
Rectal cancer is a common and serious disease. Early diagnosis of rectal cancer can improve the effectiveness of treatment and the prognosis of the disease. Modern medical technology not only provides doctors with a series of methods to diagnose rectal cancer, but also brings more and more new means. This is a very exciting area of research, and many scientists and doctors are pushing the boundaries of knowledge and working to develop real, tangible inventions and techniques that can improve clinical outcomes for patients. We hope that by providing an indepth analysis of the current and potential future impact of these emerging technologies on rectal cancer detection, the article will serve to inform both the scientific community and the public about the revolutionary leaps forward that are being made in this area. These technologies, as well as the new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that they facilitate, have the potential not only to greatly improve the management and outcome of rectal cancer, but also to substantially enhance the patient experience and indeed reshape the entire patient journey. The future directions and implications of these new technologies will also be explored, including their potential of changing the outcomes of rectal cancer, the ethical consideration in their implementation, as well as the challenges and barriers to their wide adoption.
KeyWords:
Rectal, Cancer, Detection, Technologies, Methods, Malignant
References:
- Vogel JD, Felder SI, Bhama AR, Hawkins AT, Langenfeld SJ, Shaffer VO, Thorsen AJ, Weiser MR, Chang GJ, Lightner AL, Feingold DL. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of colon cancer. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 2022 Feb 1;65(2):14877.fascrs.org
- Joseph DA, King JB, Dowling NF, Thomas CC, Richardson LC. Vital signs: colorectal cancer screening test use—United States, 2018. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020 Mar 3;69(10):253.nih.gov
- Abualkhair WH, Zhou M, Ahnen D, Yu Q, Wu XC, Karlitz JJ. Trends in incidence of earlyonset colorectal cancer in the United States among those approaching screening age. JAMA network open. 2020 Jan 3;3(1):e1920407.jamanetwork.com
- Biller LH, Schrag D. Diagnosis and treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: a review. Jama. 2021.HTML
- Xi Y, Xu P. Global colorectal cancer burden in 2020 and projections to 2040. Translational oncology. 2021.sciencedirect.com
- Stoffel EM, Murphy CC. Epidemiology and mechanisms of the increasing incidence of colon and rectal cancers in young adults. Gastroenterology. 2020.nih.gov
- Montminy EM, Zhou M, Maniscalco L, Abualkhair W, Kim MK, Siegel RL, Wu XC, Itzkowitz SH, Karlitz JJ. Contributions of adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors to earlyonset colorectal cancer incidence rates in the United States. Annals of internal medicine. 2021 Feb;174(2):15766.HTML
- Baidoun F, Elshiwy K, Elkeraie Y, Merjaneh Z, Khoudari G, Sarmini MT, Gad M, AlHusseini M, Saad A. Colorectal cancer epidemiology: recent trends and impact on outcomes. Current drug targets. 2021 Jul 1;22(9):9981009.HTML
- Siegel RL, Miller KD, Goding Sauer A, Fedewa SA, Butterly LF, Anderson JC, Cercek A, Smith RA, Jemal A. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2020 May;70(3):14564. wiley.com
- You YN, Hardiman KM, Bafford A, Poylin V, Francone TD, Davis K, Paquette IM, Steele SR, Feingold DL. The American society of colon and rectal surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of rectal cancer. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 2020 Sep 1;63(9):1191222.fascrs.org
- Nagtegaal ID, GlynneJones R. How to measure tumour response in rectal cancer? An explanation of discrepancies and suggestions for improvement. Cancer treatment reviews. 2020.sciencedirect.com
- Keller DS, Berho M, Perez RO, Wexner SD, Chand M. The multidisciplinary management of rectal cancer. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2020 Jul;17(7):41429.ucl.ac.uk
- Lord AC, Knijn N, Brown G, Nagtegaal ID. Pathways of spread in rectal cancer: a reappraisal of the true routes to distant metastatic disease. European Journal of Cancer. 2020.sciencedirect.com
- Wilkinson N. Management of rectal cancer. Surgical Clinics. 2020.HTML
- Detering R, Rutgers ML, Bemelman WA, Hompes R, Tanis PJ. Prognostic importance of circumferential resection margin in the era of evolving surgical and multidisciplinary treatment of rectal cancer: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Surgery. 2021 Aug 1;170(2):41231.sciencedirect.com
- Liu Z, Meng X, Zhang H, Li Z, Liu J, Sun K, Meng Y, Dai W, Xie P, Ding Y, Wang M. Predicting distant metastasis and chemotherapy benefit in locally advanced rectal cancer. Nature communications. 2020 Aug 27;11(1):4308.nature.com
- Lord AC, D’Souza N, Shaw A, Rokan Z, Moran B, Abulafi M, Rasheed S, Chandramohan A, Corr A, Chau I, Brown G. MRIdiagnosed tumor deposits and EMVI status have superior prognostic accuracy to current clinical TNM staging in rectal cancer. Annals of surgery. 2022 Aug 28;276(2):33444.HTML
- Kim TH, Firat C, Thompson HM, Gangai N, Zheng J, Capanu M, Bates DD, Paroder V, GarcíaAguilar J, Shia J, Gollub MJ. Extramural venous invasion and tumor deposit at diffusionweighted MRI in patients after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer. Radiology. 2023 Aug 15;308(2):e230079.rsna.org
- Zhao H, Ming T, Tang S, Ren S, Yang H, Liu M, Tao Q, Xu H. Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer: Pathogenic role and therapeutic target. Molecular cancer. 2022 Jul 14;21(1):144.springer.com
- O’Sullivan NJ, Temperley HC, Horan MT, Corr A, Mehigan BJ, Larkin JO, McCormick PH, Kavanagh DO, Meaney JF, Kelly ME. Radiogenomics: Contemporary Applications in the Management of Rectal Cancer. Cancers. 2023 Dec 12;15(24):5816.mdpi.com
- Badic B, Tixier F, Cheze Le Rest C, Hatt M et al. Radiogenomics in colorectal cancer. Cancers. 2021.mdpi.com
- O'Sullivan NJ, Kelly ME. Radiomics and Radiogenomics in Pelvic Oncology: Current Applications and Future Directions. Current Oncology. 2023.mdpi.com
- O’Shea A, Harisinghani MG. Update on MRI of Rectal Cancer. Advances in Clinical Radiology. 2021 Sep 1;3:13.HTML
- Shui L, Ren H, Yang X, Li J, Chen Z, Yi C, Zhu H, Shui P. The era of radiogenomics in precision medicine: an emerging approach to support diagnosis, treatment decisions, and prognostication in oncology. Frontiers in Oncology. 2021 Jan 26;10:570465. frontiersin.org
- Bordron A, Rio E, Badic B, Miranda O, Pradier O, Hatt M, Visvikis D, Lucia F, Schick U, Bourbonne V. External validation of a radiomics model for the prediction of complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer. Cancers. 2022 Feb 21;14(4):1079.mdpi.com
- Miranda J, Horvat N, AraujoFilho JA, Albuquerque KS, Charbel C, Trindade BM, Cardoso DL, de Padua Gomes de Farias L, Chakraborty J, Nomura CH. The Role of Radiomics in Rectal Cancer. Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer. 2023 May 8:123.HTML
- Wang Y, Ma LY, Yin XP, Gao BL. Radiomics and Radiogenomics in evaluation of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022. frontiersin.org
- Katabathina VS, Marji H, Khanna L, Ramani N, Yedururi S, Dasyam A, Menias CO, Prasad SR. Decoding genes: Current update on radiogenomics of select abdominal malignancies. RadioGraphics. 2020 Oct;40(6):160026.rsna.org
- Moussa AM, Ziv E. Radiogenomics in interventional oncology. Current Oncology Reports. 2021.HTML
- Ciuti G, SkoniecznaŻydecka K, Marlicz W, Iacovacci V, Liu H, Stoyanov D, Arezzo A, Chiurazzi M, Toth E, Thorlacius H, Dario P. Frontiers of robotic colonoscopy: a comprehensive review of robotic colonoscopes and technologies. Journal of clinical medicine. 2020 May 31;9(6):1648.mdpi.com
- OrtegaMorán JF, Azpeitia Á, SánchezPeralta LF, BoteCuriel L, Pagador B, Cabezón V, Saratxaga CL, SánchezMargallo FM. Medical needs related to the endoscopic technology and colonoscopy for colorectal cancer diagnosis. BMC cancer. 2021 Dec;21(1):12. biomedcentral.com
- van Keulen KE, Jansen ME, Schrauwen RW, Kolkman JJ, Siersema PD. Volatile organic compounds in breath can serve as a non‐invasive diagnostic biomarker for the detection of advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2020 Feb;51(3):33446. wiley.com
- Găină MA, Szalontay AS, Ștefănescu G, Bălan GG, Ghiciuc CM, Boloș A, Găină AM, Ștefănescu C. Stateoftheart review on immersive virtual reality interventions for colonoscopyinduced anxiety and pain. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022 Mar 17;11(6):1670.mdpi.com
- Virarkar MK, Vulasala SS, Gupta AV, Gopireddy D, Kumar S, Hernandez M, Lall C, Bhosale P. Virtual noncontrast imaging in the abdomen and the pelvis: an overview. InSeminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 2022 Aug 1 (Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 293310). WB Saunders.HTML
- Mitsala A, Tsalikidis C, Pitiakoudis M, Simopoulos C, Tsaroucha AK. Artificial intelligence in colorectal cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment. A new era. Current Oncology. 2021 Apr 23;28(3):1581607. mdpi.com
- Young EJ, Rajandran A, Philpott HL, Sathananthan D, Hoile SF, Singh R. Mucosal imaging in colon polyps: New advances and what the future may hold. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2022 Dec 12;28(47):6632.nih.gov
- Lorenzovici N, Dulf EH, Mocan T, Mocan L. Artificial intelligence in colorectal cancer diagnosis using clinical data: noninvasive approach. Diagnostics. 2021.mdpi.com
- Robertson AR, Segui S, Wenzek… H. Artificial intelligence for the detection of polyps or cancer with colon capsule endoscopy. Therapeutic …. 2021. sagepub.com
- Saraiva MM, Ferreira JP, Cardoso H, Afonso J, Ribeiro T, Andrade P, Parente MP, Jorge RN, Macedo G. Artificial intelligence and colon capsule endoscopy: development of an automated diagnostic system of protruding lesions in colon capsule endoscopy. Techniques in Coloproctology. 2021 Nov;25:12438.HTML
- Wang PP, Deng CL, Wu B. Magnetic resonance imagingbased artificial intelligence model in rectal cancer. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021.nih.gov
- Wong C, Fu Y, Li M, Mu S, Chu X, Fu J, Lin C, Zhang H. MRI‐Based Artificial Intelligence in Rectal Cancer. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2023 Jan;57(1):4556.HTML
- Wang KS, Yu G, Xu C, Meng XH, Zhou J, Zheng C, Deng Z, Shang L, Liu R, Su S, Zhou X. Accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer based on histopathology images using artificial intelligence. BMC medicine. 2021 Dec;19:12.springer.com
- Rompianesi G, Pegoraro F, Ceresa CD, Montalti R, Troisi RI. Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer liver metastases. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2022 Jan 1;28(1):108.nih.gov
- Liu S, Zhang Y, Ju Y, Li Y, Kang X, Yang X, Niu T, Xing X, Lu Y. Establishment and clinical application of an artificial intelligence diagnostic platform for identifying rectal cancer tumor budding. Frontiers in Oncology. 2021 Mar 8;11:626626.frontiersin.org
- Wang Y, He X, Nie H, Zhou J, Cao P, Ou C. Application of artificial intelligence to the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer. American journal of cancer research. 2020;10(11):3575.nih.gov
- Yin Z, Yao C, Zhang L, Qi S. Application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer: A novel Prospect. Frontiers in Medicine. 2023.frontiersin.org
- Hamabe A, Ishii M, Kamoda R, Sasuga S, Okuya K, Okita K, Akizuki E, Sato Y, Miura R, Onodera K, Hatakenaka M. Artificial intelligence–based technology for semiautomated segmentation of rectal cancer using highresolution MRI. PLoS One. 2022 Jun 17;17(6):e0269931.plos.org
- Hassan C, Spadaccini M, Mori Y, Foroutan F, Facciorusso A, Gkolfakis P, Tziatzios G, Triantafyllou K, Antonelli G, Khalaf K, Rizkala T. Realtime computeraided detection of colorectal neoplasia during colonoscopy: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2023 Sep;176(9):120920.HTML
- Chan SCH, Liang JQ. Advances in tests for colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. Expert review of molecular diagnostics. 2022.researchgate.net
- Maida M, Marasco G, Facciorusso A, Shahini E, Sinagra E, Pallio S, Ramai D, Murino A. Effectiveness and application of artificial intelligence for endoscopic screening of colorectal cancer: the future is now. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. 2023 Jul 3(justaccepted).researchgate.net
- Mohammad MA, Abdelwahed SR, Eid KA, Mostafa HM. Comprehensive study between conventional colonoscopy and virtual CT colonography in assessment of colonic disorders. International Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine. 2023;5(2):12633.medicinepaper.net
- Hissong E, Pittman ME. Colorectal carcinoma screening: Established methods and emerging technology. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 2020 Jan 2;57(1):2236.HTML
- Shah S, Park N, Chehade NE, Chahine A, Monachese M, Tiritilli A, Moosvi Z, Ortizo R, Samarasena J. Effect of computer‐aided colonoscopy on adenoma miss rates and polyp detection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2023 Feb;38(2):16276.HTML
- Viscaino M, Bustos JT, Muñoz P, Cheein CA, Cheein FA. Artificial intelligence for the early detection of colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review of its advantages and misconceptions. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021 Oct 10;27(38):6399.nih.gov
- Kaminski MF, Robertson DJ, Senore C, Rex DK. Optimizing the quality of colorectal cancer screening worldwide. Gastroenterology. 2020.gastrojournal.org
- Hassan C, Spadaccini M, Iannone A, Maselli R, Jovani M, Chandrasekar VT, Antonelli G, Yu H, Areia M, DinisRibeiro M, Bhandari P. Performance of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy for adenoma and polyp detection: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2021 Jan 1;93(1):7785. iupui.edu
- Crimi F, Valeggia S, Baffoni L, Stramare R, Lacognata C, Spolverato G, Albertoni L, Spimpolo A, Evangelista L, Zucchetta P, Cecchin D. [18F] FDG PET/MRI in rectal cancer. Annals of Nuclear Medicine. 2021 Mar;35:28190.springer.com
- Catalano OA, Lee SI, Parente C, Cauley C, Furtado FS, Striar R, Soricelli A, Salvatore M, Li Y, Umutlu L, Cañamaque LG. Improving staging of rectal cancer in the pelvis: the role of PET/MRI. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2021 Apr;48:123545.researchgate.net
- Li Y, Mueller LI, Neuhaus JP, Bertram S, Schaarschmidt BM, Demircioglu A, Ludwig JM, Kirchner J, Rischpler C, Herrmann K, Catalano OA. 18FFDG PET/MR versus MR alone in wholebody primary staging and restaging of patients with rectal cancer: what is the benefit of PET?. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020 Sep 29;9(10):3163.mdpi.com
- Schurink NW, Min LA, Berbee M, van Elmpt W, van Griethuysen JJ, Bakers FC, Roberti S, van Kranen SR, Lahaye MJ, Maas M, Beets GL. Value of combined multiparametric MRI and FDGPET/CT to identify wellresponding rectal cancer patients before the start of neoadjuvant chemoradiation. European radiology. 2020 May;30:294554.maastrichtuniversity.nl
- Maffione AM, Montesi G, Caroli P, Colletti PM, Rubello D, Matteucci F. Is it time to introduce PET/CT in rectal cancer guidelines?. Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2020 Aug 1;45(8):6117.HTML
- Schurink NW, van Kranen SR, Berbee M, van Elmpt W, Bakers FC, Roberti S, van Griethuysen JJ, Min LA, Lahaye MJ, Maas M, Beets GL. Studying local tumour heterogeneity on MRI and FDGPET/CT to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer. European Radiology. 2021 Sep 1:18. maastrichtuniversity.nl
- Yoon JH, Lee JM, Chang W, Kang HJ, Bandos A, Lim HJ, Kang SY, Kang KW, Ryoo SB, Jeong SY, Park KJ. Initial M staging of rectal cancer: FDG PET/MRI with a hepatocytespecific contrast agent versus contrastenhanced CT. Radiology. 2020 Feb;294(2):3109.rsna.org
- Fernando S, Lin M, Pham TT, Chong S, Ip E, Wong K, Chua W, Ng W, Lin P, Lim S. Prognostic utility of serial 18FFDGPET/CT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent trimodality treatment. The British Journal of Radiology. 2020 Jan;93(1105):20190455.nih.gov
- Crimì F, Spolverato G, Lacognata C, Garieri M, Cecchin D, Urso ED, Zucchetta P, Pucciarelli S, Pomerri F. 18FFDG PET/MRI for rectal cancer TNM restaging after preoperative chemoradiotherapy: initial experience. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 2020 Mar 1;63(3):3108.HTML
- Queiroz MA, Ortega CD, Ferreira FR, Nahas SC, Cerri GG, Buchpiguel CA. Diagnostic accuracy of FDGPET/MRI versus pelvic MRI and thoracic and abdominal CT for detecting synchronous distant metastases in rectal cancer patients. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. 2021 Jan;48:18695.HTML
- Kotecha S, Vasudevan A, Holla VK, Kumar S, Pruthviraja D, Latte MV. 3D visualization cloud based model to detect and classify the polyps according to their sizes for CT colonography. Journal of King Saud UniversityComputer and Information Sciences. 2022 Sep 1;34(8):494355.sciencedirect.com
- Raju AS, Jayavel K, Rajalakshmi T. Intelligent recognition of colorectal cancer combining application of computerassisted diagnosis with deep learning approaches. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 2022 Feb 1;12(1):738. academia.edu
- GarcíaFigueiras R, BaleatoGonzález S, CanedoAntelo M, Alcalá L, Marhuenda A. Imaging advances on ct and MRI in colorectal cancer. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports. 2021 Dec;17:11330.HTML
- Rasouli P, Moghadam AD, Eslami P, Pasha MA, Aghdaei HA, Mehrvar A, NezamiAsl A, Iravani S, Sadeghi A, Zali MR. The role of artificial intelligence in colon polyps detection. Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench. 2020;13(3):191.nih.gov
- Nimako AA. Is Conventional Colonoscopy More Effective Than Computed Tomography Colonography in the Screening of Colorectal Cancer Among Young African American …. 2023.acu.edu
- Kadari M, Subhan M, Parel NS, Krishna PV, Gupta A, Uthayaseelan K, Uthayaseelan K, Sunkara NA. CT colonography and colorectal carcinoma: current trends and emerging developments. Cureus. 2022 May 11;14(5).cureus.com
- Tamang LD, Kim BW. Deep learning approaches to colorectal cancer diagnosis: a review. Applied Sciences. 2021.mdpi.com
- Tharwat M, Sakr NA, ElSappagh S, Soliman H, Kwak KS, Elmogy M. Colon cancer diagnosis based on machine learning and deep learning: Modalities and analysis techniques. Sensors. 2022 Nov 28;22(23):9250.mdpi.com
- Shaukat A, Levin TR. Current and future colorectal cancer screening strategies. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2022.nature.com
- Doubeni C. Tests for screening for colorectal cancer. UpToDate. Retrieved December. 2020.medilib.ir
- Chiang TH, Lee YC. Options of Colorectal Cancer Screening: An Overview. Colorectal Cancer Screening: Theory and Practical Application. 2021:2940.HTML
- Ferlizza E, Solmi R, Sgarzi M, Ricciardiello L, Lauriola M. The roadmap of colorectal cancer screening. Cancers. 2021 Mar 4;13(5):1101.mdpi.com
- Emile SH, Barsom SH, Wexner SD. An updated review of the methods, guidelines of, and controversies on screening for colorectal cancer. The American Journal of Surgery. 2022.HTML
- Bhattacharya S, Maru S, Setia A. Screening for Colorectal Carcinoma. Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Therapeutic Updates. 2022 Jun 1:8.HTML
- Anipindi M, Doreswamy S, Ali R, Jilani A, Bitetto D. Colorectal Cancer Screening History, Methods and Future Perspectives. Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports. 2023;7:21639.fortuneonline.org
- Smith RA, Fedewa S, Siegel R. Early colorectal cancer detection—Current and evolving challenges in evidence, guidelines, policy, and practices. Advances in cancer research. 2021.HTML
- Nee J, Chippendale RZ, Feuerstein JD. Screening for colon cancer in older adults: risks, benefits, and when to stop. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2020. mayoclinicproceedings.org
- Watanabe K, Nakamura Y, Low SK. Clinical implementation and current advancement of blood liquid biopsy in cancer. Journal of Human Genetics. 2021.HTML
- Nikanjam M, Kato S, Kurzrock R. Liquid biopsy: Current technology and clinical applications. Journal of Hematology & Oncology. 2022 Dec;15(1):14. biomedcentral.com
- Soda N, Clack K, Shiddiky MJA. Recent advances in liquid biopsy technologies for cancer biomarker detection. Sensors & Diagnostics. 2022.rsc.org
- Feng J, Li B, Ying J, Pan W, Liu C, Luo T, Lin H, Zheng L. Liquid biopsy: application in early diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. Small structures. 2020 Dec;1(3):2000063.HTML
- Cescon DW, Bratman SV, Chan SM, Siu LL. Circulating tumor DNA and liquid biopsy in oncology. Nature Cancer. 2020.HTML
- Hirahata T, ul Quraish R, Quraish AU, ul Quraish S, Naz M, Razzaq MA. Liquid biopsy: a distinctive approach to the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Cancer Informatics. 2022 Feb;21:11769351221076062.sagepub.com
- Wu X, Li J, Gassa A, Buchner D, Alakus H, Dong Q, Ren N, Liu M, Odenthal M, Stippel D, Bruns C. Circulating tumor DNA as an emerging liquid biopsy biomarker for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in hepatocellular carcinoma. International journal of biological sciences. 2020;16(9):1551.nih.gov
- Ignatiadis M, Sledge GW, Jeffrey SS. Liquid biopsy enters the clinic—implementation issues and future challenges. Nature reviews Clinical oncology. 2021.ulb.ac.be
- Hofman P. Liquid biopsy for lung cancer screening: Usefulness of circulating tumor cells and other circulating blood biomarkers. Cancer cytopathology. 2021.wiley.com
- Russano M, Napolitano A, Ribelli G, Iuliani M, Simonetti S, Citarella F, Pantano F, Dell’Aquila E, Anesi C, Silvestris N, Argentiero A. Liquid biopsy and tumor heterogeneity in metastatic solid tumors: the potentiality of blood samples. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 2020 Dec;39(1):13. biomedcentral.com
- Heald B, Hampel H, Church J, Dudley B, Hall MJ, Mork ME, Singh A, Stoffel E, Stoll J, You YN, Yurgelun MB. Collaborative Group of the Americas on Inherited Gastrointestinal Cancer Position statement on multigene panel testing for patients with colorectal cancer and/or polyposis. Familial cancer. 2020 Jul;19:22339.nih.gov
- Daca Alvarez M, Quintana I, Terradas M, Mur P, Balaguer F, Valle L. The inherited and familial component of earlyonset colorectal cancer. Cells. 2021 Mar 23;10(3):710.mdpi.com
- Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Genetic alterations of metastatic colorectal cancer. Biomedicines. 2020.mdpi.com
- Monahan KJ, Bradshaw N, Dolwani S, Desouza B, Dunlop MG, East JE, Ilyas M, Kaur A, Lalloo F, Latchford A, Rutter MD. Guidelines for the management of hereditary colorectal cancer from the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)/Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI)/United Kingdom Cancer genetics group (UKCGG). Gut. 2020 Mar 1;69(3):41144.bmj.com
- Ahmed M. Colon cancer: a clinician's perspective in 2019. Gastroenterology research. 2020.nih.gov
- Kastrinos F, Samadder NJ, Burt RW. Use of family history and genetic testing to determine risk of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2020.HTML
- Yalchin M, Baker AM, Graham TA, Hart A. Predicting colorectal cancer occurrence in IBD. Cancers. 2021.mdpi.com
- Done JZ, Fang SH. Youngonset colorectal cancer: A review. World journal of gastrointestinal oncology. 2021.nih.gov
- Mao R, Krautscheid P, Graham RP, Ganguly A, Shankar S, Ferber M, Hegde M, ACMG Laboratory Quality Assurance Committee. Genetic testing for inherited colorectal cancer and polyposis, 2021 revision: a technical standard of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genetics in Medicine. 2021 Oct 1;23(10):180717. sciencedirect.com
- Rodríguez J, Avila J, Rolfo C, RuízPatiño A, Russo A, Ricaurte L, OrdóñezReyes C, Arrieta O, ZatarainBarrón ZL, Recondo G, Cardona AF. When tissue is an issue the liquid biopsy is nonissue: a review. Oncology and therapy. 2021 Jun;9:89110. springer.com
- Lone SN, Nisar S, Masoodi T, Singh M, Rizwan A, Hashem S, ElRifai W, Bedognetti D, Batra SK, Haris M, Bhat AA. Liquid biopsy: A step closer to transform diagnosis, prognosis and future of cancer treatments. Molecular cancer. 2022 Mar 18;21(1):79. springer.com
- Underwood JJ, Quadri RS, Kalva SP, Shah H, Sanjeevaiah AR, Beg MS, Sutphin PD. Liquid biopsy for cancer: review and implications for the radiologist. Radiology. 2020 Jan;294(1):517.rsna.org
- Martins I, Ribeiro IP, Jorge J, Gonçalves AC, SarmentoRibeiro AB, Melo JB, Carreira IM. Liquid biopsies: applications for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Genes. 2021 Feb 27;12(3):349.mdpi.com
- Michela B. Liquid biopsy: a family of possible diagnostic tools. Diagnostics. 2021.mdpi.com
- Alix‐Panabières C, Pantel K. Liquid biopsy: From discovery to clinical implementation. Molecular Oncology. 2021.nih.gov
- Saito Y, Oka S, Kawamura T, Shimoda R, Sekiguchi M, Tamai N, Hotta K, Matsuda T, Misawa M, Tanaka S, Iriguchi Y. Colonoscopy screening and surveillance guidelines. Digestive Endoscopy. 2021 May;33(4):486519. HTML
- GonzálezSuárez B, Pagés M, Araujo IK, Romero C, Rodríguez de Miguel C, Ayuso JR, Pozo À, VilaCasadesús M, Serradesanferm A, Ginès À, FernándezEsparrach G. Colon capsule endoscopy versus CT colonography in FITpositive colorectal cancer screening subjects: a prospective randomised trial—the VICOCA study. BMC medicine. 2020 Dec;18:11.springer.com
- Jacobson BC, Calderwood AH. Measuring bowel preparation adequacy in colonoscopybased research: review of key considerations. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2020.HTML
- Selva A, Mosconi G, Cacitti S, Odone A, Pylkkanen L, Solà I, Torà N, Russo S, Cadum E, Deandrea S. Participants' satisfaction with colorectal cancer screening programs: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine. 2023 Sep 16:107706.HTML
- Melson JE, Imperiale TF, Itzkowitz SH, Llor X, Kochman ML, Grady WM, Schoen RE, Burke CA, Shaukat A, Rabeneck L, Ladabaum U. AGA white paper: roadmap for the future of colorectal cancer screening in the United States. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2020 Nov 1;18(12):266778.cghjournal.org
- Lansdorp‐Vogelaar I, Meester R, de Jonge L, Buron A, Haug U, Senore C. Risk‐stratified strategies in population screening for colorectal cancer. International Journal of Cancer. 2022 Feb 1;150(3):397405.wiley.com
- Tonini V, Zanni M. Why is early detection of colon cancer still not possible in 2023?. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2024.nih.gov
- MaesCarballo M, GarcíaGarcía M, MartínDíaz M, EstradaLópez CR, IglesiasÁlvarez A, FiligranaValle CM, Khan KS, BuenoCavanillas A. A comprehensive systematic review of colorectal cancer screening clinical practices guidelines and consensus statements. British Journal of Cancer. 2023 Apr 6;128(6):94657.nature.com
- Săftoiu A, Hassan C, Areia M, Bhutani MS, Bisschops R, Bories E, Cazacu IM, Dekker E, Deprez PH, Pereira SP, Senore C. Role of gastrointestinal endoscopy in the screening of digestive tract cancers in Europe: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement. Endoscopy. 2020 Apr;52(04):293304.thiemeconnect.com
- Makaroff KE, Shergill J, Lauzon M, Khalil C, Ahluwalia SC, Spiegel BM, Almario CV. Patient preferences for colorectal cancer screening tests in light of lowering the screening age to 45 years. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2023 Feb 1;21(2):52031.cghjournal.org
- Elemento O, Leslie C, Lundin J, Tourassi G. Artificial intelligence in cancer research, diagnosis and therapy. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2021.osti.gov
- Huang S, Yang J, Fong S, Zhao Q. Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and prognosis: Opportunities and challenges. Cancer letters. 2020.sciencedirect.com
- Dlamini Z, Francies FZ, Hull R, Marima R. Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in cancer and precision oncology. Computational and structural biotechnology journal. 2020 Jan 1;18:230011. sciencedirect.com
- Sufyan M, Shokat Z, Ashfaq UA. Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and therapy: Current status and future perspective. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 2023.HTML
- Zhang C, Xu J, Tang R, Yang J, Wang W, Yu X, Shi S. Novel research and future prospects of artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Hematology & Oncology. 2023 Nov 27;16(1):114.springer.com
- Bhinder B, Gilvary C, Madhukar NS, Elemento O. Artificial intelligence in cancer research and precision medicine. Cancer discovery. 2021.nih.gov
- Manhas J, Gupta RK, Roy PP. A review on automated cancer detection in medical images using machine learning and deep learning based computational techniques: Challenges and opportunities. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. 2022 Aug;29(5):2893933.HTML
- Saba T. Recent advancement in cancer detection using machine learning: Systematic survey of decades, comparisons and challenges. Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2020.sciencedirect.com
- Dar RA, Rasool M, Assad A. Breast cancer detection using deep learning: Datasets, methods, and challenges ahead. Computers in biology and medicine. 2022.HTML
- Carter SM, Rogers W, Win KT, Frazer H, Richards B, Houssami N. The ethical, legal and social implications of using artificial intelligence systems in breast cancer care. The Breast. 2020 Feb 1;49:2532. sciencedirect.com
- Iqbal MJ, Javed Z, Sadia H, Qureshi IA, Irshad A, Ahmed R, Malik K, Raza S, Abbas A, Pezzani R, SharifiRad J. Clinical applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in cancer diagnosis: looking into the future. Cancer cell international. 2021 Dec;21(1):11.biomedcentral.com
- Hunter B, Hindocha S, Lee RW. The role of artificial intelligence in early cancer diagnosis. Cancers. 2022.mdpi.com
- Ahmad Z, Rahim S, Zubair M, AbdulGhafar J. Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, current applications and future role with special emphasis on its potential and promise in pathology: present and future …. Diagnostic pathology. 2021.springer.com
- McCradden MD, Baba A, Saha A, Ahmad S, Boparai K, Fadaiefard P, Cusimano MD. Ethical concerns around use of artificial intelligence in health care research from the perspective of patients with meningioma, caregivers and health care providers: a qualitative study. Canadian Medical Association Open Access Journal. 2020 Jan 1;8(1):E905.cmajopen.ca
- Lee D, Yoon SN. Application of artificial intelligencebased technologies in the healthcare industry: Opportunities and challenges. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Jan;18(1):271.mdpi.com
- Chen ZH, Lin L, Wu CF, Li CF, Xu RH, Sun Y. Artificial intelligence for assisting cancer diagnosis and treatment in the era of precision medicine. Cancer Communications. 2021 Nov;41(11):110015. wiley.com
- Balasubramanian S, Shukla V, Sethi JS, Islam N, Saloum R. A readiness assessment framework for Blockchain adoption: A healthcare case study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2021 Apr 1;165:120536.mdx.ac.uk
- Schueller SM, Torous J. Scaling evidencebased treatments through digital mental health.. American Psychologist. 2020.apa.org
- Golinelli D, Boetto E, Carullo G, Nuzzolese AG, Landini MP, Fantini MP. Adoption of digital technologies in health care during the COVID19 pandemic: systematic review of early scientific literature. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020 Nov 6;22(11):e22280.jmir.org
- Yaqoob I, Salah K, Jayaraman R, AlHammadi Y. Blockchain for healthcare data management: opportunities, challenges, and future recommendations. Neural Computing and Applications. 2021 Jan 7:16.HTML
- James HM, Papoutsi C, Wherton J, Greenhalgh T, Shaw SE. Spread, scaleup, and sustainability of video consulting in health care: systematic review and synthesis guided by the NASSS framework. Journal of medical Internet research. 2021 Jan 26;23(1):e23775.jmir.org
- Toufaily E, Zalan T, Dhaou SB. A framework of blockchain technology adoption: An investigation of challenges and expected value. Information & Management. 2021.HTML
- Shankar V, Kalyanam K, Setia P, Golmohammadi A, Tirunillai S, Douglass T, Hennessey J, Bull JS, Waddoups R. How technology is changing retail. Journal of Retailing. 2021 Mar 1;97(1):1327.tamu.edu
- King DK, Shoup JA, Raebel MA, Anderson CB, Wagner NM, Ritzwoller DP, Bender BG. Planning for implementation success using REAIM and CFIR frameworks: a qualitative study. Frontiers in public health. 2020 Mar 3;8:59.frontiersin.org
- Li W, Yigitcanlar T, Erol I, Liu A. Motivations, barriers and risks of smart home adoption: From systematic literature review to conceptual framework. Energy Research & Social Science. 2021.qut.edu.au
- Reinholz DL, Andrews TC. Change theory and theory of change: what’s the difference anyway?. International Journal of STEM Education. 2020 Dec;7(1):12.springeropen.com
- Alwan, A. M., Rokaya, D., Kathayat, G., & Afshari, J. T. (2023). Oncoimmunity and therapeutic application of amygdalin: A review. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 13(2), 155163. sciencedirect.com